整理/秦珍子 制圖/董怡璇

親知

　　“親知”指親身獲得的知識。“親知”是墨家提出的一種知識類別，同時也標(biāo)志著一種認(rèn)知方式。墨家認(rèn)為，知識的獲取有3種方式，即“親知”“聞知”“說知”。“親知”指通過親身的觀察和經(jīng)歷而認(rèn)知事物，是一種直接的認(rèn)知方式。

Knowledge from Personal Experience

　　This term means that knowledge from personal experience is a type of knowledge and a way of acquiring it proposed by the Mohist School. In their opinion, knowledge is gained in three ways: by personal experience, by hearsay, and by explanation. To learn from personal experience means learning by examining or getting involved with things. It is a direct way of gaining knowledge.

引例1

　　知，聞、說、親。（《墨子·經(jīng)上》）（知，分為聞知、說知、親知。）

　　Knowing comes from hearsay, explanation, or personal experience. (Mozi)

引例2

　　身觀焉，親也。（《墨子·經(jīng)說上》）（親身觀察經(jīng)歷而知，就是“親知”。）

　　Observing something oneself is knowing by personal experience. (Mozi)

圖2